Research Proposal On Medical Marijuana - 1094 Words

Proposal Name: Candace Cooke Co-Investigator: Florence Mbah Faculty Advisor: Dr. Flora Estes Topic: Medicinal Marijuana a growing field of interest Title: Chronic Pain and the use of Medicinal Marijuana vs Opioids Introduction and Purpose of study: Medicinal marijuana has been garnering a lot of attention as 29 states and Washington D.C have legalized medical marijuana and most recently in 2016, eight (8) states have now approved recreational marijuana. Medicinal marijuana is currently being used for the treatment of many diseases such as epilepsy, nausea and vomiting, glaucoma, wasting in HIV/AIDS patients, Parkinson’s as well as others. Texas has a compassionate use bill, however, its use is limited to cannabinol oil in intractable†¦show more content†¦Opium has also been used to develop natural alternatives such as Morphine and Codeine. Marijuana contains many cannabinoids however the main ones that are focused on are Delta 9- tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabinol (CBD). The THC compound is responsible for the feeling of euphoria and psychosis as a side effect, CBD however does not produce these feelings and in some cases, have even proved beneficial in psychosis. The desired medicinal effect often depends on the composition of the product and the ratio of THC to CBD. Marijuana acts by activating CB1 and CB2 receptors located in the in the brain, spinal cord and cells in the immune system. This activates the reward center of the brain, leading to euphoria, as well as the CB2 receptors on immune cells which may be responsible in the decrease intensity of pain. Two synthetic analogues of cannabis are already on the market for nausea and vomiting. These are Nabilone and Dronabinol. Six studies were analyzed for chronic pain and of the 6 all caused significant decrease in pain but none clinically significant. One study analyzed the effect of Nabilone in the treatment of pain in fibromyalgia and it showed a significant decrease in not only pain but also anxiety experienced in these patients. However, a greater number of patients in the nabilone group experienced side effects (Skrabek et al.)Show MoreRelatedThe Legalization Of Marijuana1123 Words   |  5 PagesThis proposal would eliminate marijuana from the Control Substance Act and it would no longer be categorized as a Schedule 1 substance. The proposal would also require a federal permit for growing and distributing marijuana within state and national borders. The last aspect of the proposal would require for marijuana to be regulated exactly like alcohol by the Food and Drug Administration as well as the Bureau of Alcohol, Tabaco, Firearms, and Explosives. Both of these proposals are probable optionsRead Mo reEssay on Against Medical Marijuana1413 Words   |  6 Pagessome controversy concerning smoking marijuana as a medicine. Many well-intentioned leaders and members of the public have been misled by the well-financed and organized pro-drug legalization lobby into believing there is merit to their argument that smoking marijuana is a safe and effective medicine. A review of the scientific research, expert medical testimony, and government agency findings shows this to be erroneous. There is no justification for using marijuana as a medicine. Read MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?984 Words   |  4 PagesMedical Marijuana Today, more than 20 states are currently approving the use of Medical Marijuana. Gathering statistical data from Gallup Politics in 2013, 58% of Americans say the drug Marijuana should be legalized, for the first time ever recorded. Gallup had first asked the question of legalization in 1969, when only 12% favored legalization. Had I been included in the study, I likely would have been for the legalization. Medical Marijuana had been used for centuries prior to it becoming illegalRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1727 Words   |  7 PagesThe consumption of marijuana has long been outlawed around the world. A taboo in most countries, cannabis is now considered a dangerous drug that can lead to disastrous side effects on the human body. This misconception has led to prohibition on marijuana, thus penalizing its consumption and further spreading the misconceptions around the drug. The controversy here lies in the fact that most negative effects attributed to marijuana are sourc ed from misconceptions, which are in turn hurting the prospectRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?985 Words   |  4 PagesMy research proposal will be on the uses of medical marijuana. Marijuana is on the Schedule 1 Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) list for controlled substances. Schedule 1 is deemed for no medical use and increased potential for abuse. This puts marijuana in the same category as heroin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), ecstasy, methaqualone, and peyote. If found on a person, it could lead to criminal prosecution (U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, 2017). The most effective route is throughRead MoreLegalization of Medical Marijuana Essay863 Words   |  4 PagesMedical Marijuana: A Topic Leaving People Up in Smoke Renee Grant ENC 1101-1002 Professor Bahle March 30, 2013 Medical Marijuana: A Topic Leaving People Up in Smoke Medical marijuana has been an ongoing fight between the federal government, physicians and patients. Contrary to many beliefs, marijuana, whether it is used for medical reasons or recreational is non-lethal. It has been proven to be useful in many medical conditions. There hasRead MoreMedical Marijuana has been an issue that has been occurring and is present on a domestic level. In1000 Words   |  4 PagesMedical Marijuana has been an issue that has been occurring and is present on a domestic level. In many ways it is a phenomena that has essentially been integrated across multiple platforms. This includes the application that is present and associated with full legalization. Although states have implemented many regulatory measures, the macro level effect that this has upon the youth has not been fully investigated. Marijuana does however have negative effects upon cognitive development for youngRead MoreThe War On Drugs And The United States956 Words   |  4 Pagesgovernmen t basically halting the research on the medical safeties and various drug’s efficacies. As a result, proposals were made in order to decriminalize some drugs such as marijuana. These proposals were later abandoned because parents were concerned by how high teenage marijuana use. To illustrate, marijuana was began receiving cultural backlash by 1935. Hart and Ksir (2012:350) state that 35 states had laws regulating the use, sale, and/or possession of marijuana. However, the concerns of illicitRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1231 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Someday pray that he will grow a farm barn full, recent research shows it’s not so darn harmful.† (Madvillain, â€Å"America’s Most Blunted†) Despite the wide amount of research that shows the positive benefits of marijuana, it remains illegal under federal law. In recent years, numerous states have defied federal law and legalized marijuana for both recreational and medicinal use. Arizona has legalized marijuana for medical use, but it still remains illegal to use recreationally. This is absurd, asRead MorePatients Health Of Medical Marijuana1733 Words   |  7 PagesHealth Utilizing Medical Marijuana Karen Mak Rutgers University Introduction to Research Methods, Fall 2016 Abstract The following study proposal would review the results of the overall health outcomes of patients who replaced pharmaceutical treatment with medical marijuana. The study will look at the improvements in meal consumption, Clinical Global Impression scores, Pittsburgh Agitation Scale, and the decrease in the symptom being monitored. The studies being reviewed research many conditions

Structural Inequality Of The New Zealand - 1349 Words

Introduction: The presence of child poverty in New Zealand has been a long standing issue since before the 1990’s and continues to be prevalent in today’s New Zealand. Although child poverty can be linked to multiple causes, there is one major cause that is not widely discussed enough within the political world of New Zealand. This is the issue of structural inequality creating an unjust welfare system which perpetuates stereotypes and damages the support that beneficiaries are provided by our government. This, in turn, causes a stressful living situation for benefit dependent families, and creates an environment that is more susceptible to child poverty. With sufficient evidence, I will explain how structural inequality is linked to child poverty, and show what our government’s response has been to both of these issues. Structural Inequality in Modern Day New Zealand: New Zealand is seen as a pure, untarnished country from a distant perspective but, there are a huge number of families in New Zealand that are struggling to get by with barely any help from the government. This is the outcome of many decades of structural inequality that has impacted generations of children that turn to the same life as their parents, creating a cycle of poverty. Structural inequality can be loosely described as â€Å"denot[ing] methodical and often subtle processes through which social structures disadvantage and harm certain groups of people† (Hodgetts,2014). The ‘under-class’ people of NewShow MoreRelatedThe Structure Of New Zealand Society1201 Words   |  5 Pagesrecent times. However alternative explanations exist such as the structural explanations to prison growth, these focus on how the formal institutions of society such as government its institutions change the way society functions and this in turn directly affects how individuals pe rceive social problems in their society and their reactions to them (Workman, McIntosh, 2013). One of the most profound change to the structure of New Zealand society was the implementation of Neo liberalism politics duringRead MoreChild Poverty : An Advancing Social Issue Essay1568 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout this paper, discussions will take place on, child poverty, an advancing social issue in New Zealand. Also, reasons why child poverty is a social issue in New Zealand will be debated. In addition, key concepts of three core sociological perspectives; structural functionalism, symbolic interactionism and conflict perspective will be explored. Followed by, explanations of child poverty in New Zealand, from each of the three perspectives will be given in order to explore the different viewpointsRead MoreThe Inequalities Of The Gender Pay Gap1511 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction It is important to address the systemic inequalities of the gender pay gap. To do this, this essay will use Bacchi (2006) approach to analyse the text â€Å"Speech to HRINZ: The reasons for the Gender Pay Gap† by MP Paula Bennett. This essay will illustrate the theoretical perspective of liberal feminism to show the understanding of the problem, and the solutions of the gender pay gap. This essay will also look at two other theoretical perspectives, social democratic, and anti-racism andRead MoreDifferences Between Gender And Social Division Essay1575 Words   |  7 Pages Any society displays a certain degree of inequality. 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Nursing Council of New Zealand expected that nurses are able to understand and analyse the historical and cultural processes that have impacted on the MÄ ori health inequalities, so that they can best deliver and improve MÄ ori health care (Nursing Council of New Zealand [NCNZ], 2011). This essay will explore and discuss the contemporary MÄ oriRead MoreSmoking Cessation Program For New Zealand : Smoke Free 2025 Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesSmoking Cessation Program in New Zealand: Smoke-free 2025 Introduction Tobacco smoke is immensely harmful to one’s health. Cigarettes contain about 600 ingredients, when this burned can generate 7,000 chemicals according to American Lung Association Many ad campaigns and literatures have been published on the detriments of smoking. Medical reports further shows that half of all long-term smokers will die from a smoking-related disease. 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History abut culinary arts Essay Example For Students

History abut culinary arts Essay A Brief History of the Culinary Arts The history of the culinary arts and institutional instruction in cooking is a very new enterprise. Throughout the ages, cooking has been taught at the apron strings for untold generations. The brewing of wine, ale and spirits, the distilling of medicines, baking of bread, butchering of livestock and the harvest of produce and cereal history of the culinary retractors were essentially all overseen by the head mistress Of the household. In these times, all manner Of handling and processing consumables was taught through immersion. The mother toted the daughter along as she worked, at times enlisting her aid in stirring ladling and serving. Thus, teaching was done through a form of osmosis. Formal Education In the LISP, there came to be a form of tutelage that resembled apprenticeship. One cook taught another to cook, mostly in order to lighten his own considerable burden. The Boston Cooking School was one of the first institutions in America to place the instruction of the culinary arts in a classroom. In 1877, Fannies Farmer began there as a student and progressed to the position of instructor and then ironical, In 1896, Fannies published The Boston Cooking School Cookbook. In an age when measurements were very imprecise, Fannies attempted to set toroth the inopportune of exact measurement in cooking. This is seen by many as the turning point in the history of the culinary arts. From Cooking to Culinary Arts The move from people regarding the preparation of food as a chore to seeing it as the culinary arts began with Fannies book. In the sass, culinary arts schools began to gain a foothold. The innovation of the television set in 1946 brought James Beard to the airwaves. Story of the culinary arts the same time, he began teaching the art of cooking in his home, where the headquarters for the James Beard Foundation is still located today. The history of the culinary arts blossoms from there. The Culinary Institute of America in 1946, Julia Chills in the sasss and the birth of the American Culinary Federation Educational Institute, Whose apprenticeship program in 1976 (sponsored by a government grant) gave a fabulous advantage to aspiring cooks. Today we are the beneficiaries of the hard work and vision Of these cornerstones Of culinary history.

Lab Report Transpiration Sample

Lab Report Transpiration Paper The transportation of water in the xylem, which is responsible to the transportation of water, is regulated by water potential [1]. The difference between these water potentials causes water movement from a region with high water potential to a region with lower water potential. In addition, solute concentration, gravity and pressure can affect the water potential. Water enters the plant through osmosis. In plants, when water enters the cell, it fills the vacuole. As a result, cell will be turgid. However, when water exits the cell, the shrinking of the cell vacuole will occur. This kind of things happens in the stomata. The stomata opens, when the cell will become turgid, however, it closes when the cell will be flaccid Closing and opening he stomata, which mainly depends on some conditions and regulated by guard cells, facilitate the water loss through transpiration. There are some factors that can affect the rate of transpiration. For example, temperature, air current and light intensity Also, the rate of transpiration varies to the plants in different conditions. This practical aims at obtaining estimates for the rate of transpiration from a plant shoot in different conditions, such as windy and light conditions; at establishing how different factors affect the rate of transpiration and at valuating the photometer, which will be used in this practical, as a piece of apparatus for measuring transpiration. Hypothesis: In every experiment, there will be a water loss, but especially under windy and light conditions more water will be uptake by the plant shoot. Safety precautions During this laboratory work scissors were used to cut the plant shoot, so we should be careful while working with them. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report Transpiration specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report Transpiration specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report Transpiration specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In addition, be careful while assembling and handling the glass photometer, because it is very easy to break the long glass tube and also easy to cut yourself with the broken ends. If the sap from the plants irritates your skin, then, tell it to the lecturer or teacher assistant. Moreover, we should wear eye protective equipment (goggles), gloves and a lab. Coat during the whole session. Also, we should keep the general laboratory precautions to avoid any emergency situation. Materials and Methods Procedure First of all, the apparatus was set up according to the provided diagram. The U- tube was placed and stood on a flat level surface. It was ideally placed in the location where we did all our testing. Do not move the photometer since it was assembled. Water was added to create a meniscus on the top of both ends of the U-tube. A plant shoot that will fit into one hole bung was picked. The stem was cut under water before being placed in the bung. It is very important to make sure that you do not cover the leaves with water while setting up the apparatus, because this will affect the results. In addition, Baseline can be used to create a seal around the bung in order to make sure that there is a tight fit around the stem. There must be no trapped air in the apparatus and U-tube was checked for bubbles. Then, the second bung with the graduated pipette was placed into the second stopper, making sure that the water on the left side of the U-tube was still just above the top of the tube. Check for air bubbles was done, and if there is an air bubble start again and try to remove these air bubbles. The water was fairly high in the pipette so that a series of readings under different conditions could be done. All observations were clearly recorded into the logbook. Results: Table 1 . Volume of water used during time intervals. Time (min. ) Normal condition Windy condition Light condition 0. 50 ml 0. 10 ml 0. 05 ml 3 0. 70 ml 0. 20 ml 5 0. 85 ml 0. 40 ml 7 1. 00 ml 0. 15 ml Rate of transpiration . 14 ml/min 0. 07 ml/min 0. 02 ml/min Rate can be calculated using this formula: Rate of transpiration (normal condition) = ; Rate of transpiration (windy condition) ; Rate of transpiration (light condition) Average rate of transpiration (under all conditions) Graph 1. Volume of water used vs Time (under normal condition) Graph 2. Volume of water used vs Time (under windy condition) Graph 3. Volume of water used vs Time (under light condition) Discussion The purpose of this practical was to examine the rate of transpiration under different conditions, such as normal, windy and light conditions. In the first experiment under normal conditions, the volume of water used increased as the time went by. The highest value, for volume of water that was used, was recorded as 1 ml at 7th minute. According to graph 1, the best fit line goes up steadily as the time passes by. This shows us that after cutting the plant shoot, it is still functioning and water is transported to the cells. In the second experiment under windy condition, the rate of transpiration increases slightly. It seems to be incorrect in terms of slightly, because as it was under windy conditions the rate f transpiration should be greater compared to normal condition. For example, at 7th minute volume under normal condition was Mil, whereas volume under windy condition was 0. 5 ml. In biological terms, more water vapor is carried away from the near the leaf surface by increasing wind speed. Moreover, anemometer showed 23. Km/h. As a result, the rate of diffusion of water from the stomata also increases. The humidity in the spongy mesosphere, particularly in the intracellular space, is reduced and the rate of evaporation from the cell is also increases. This would lead to the greater consumption of water by the plant shoot. However, we started this experiment after 7 minutes, and our plant shoot could have taken enough water so that less water was uptake under windy conditions. The volume used by the plant shoot increases slightly and the values are O. Mil at 1st minute, 0. Ml at 3rd minute, and at 5th minute the volume doubles and shows 0. Ml, and finally 0. Ml at 7th minute. In the third experiment under light condition, the rate of transpiration also increases slightly. The best fit line goes up as the time went by. At 3rd and 5th minutes the volume was the same with 0. Ml. After that, at 5th minute the volume increases moderately to 0. 1 ml and to 0. Ml at 7th minute. Under light condition we should take into account that not only light affects the rate of transpiration, but also the temperature, since over time the bulb heats up and consequently, temperature will also increase. Moreover, experimental data do not correspond with my hypothesis, because the results partially contradict the theoretical facts, but it does not mean that my hypothesis is 100% wrong. And here the question arises about apparatus that was used, namely photometer. From this point, we can already assert that this kind of photometer is not an appropriate device to measure the rate of transpiration, since our results are not valid. Another noticeable feature is that there might be some errors during these experiments. One of them is that our results may not be accurate, since the main problem was to put plant shoot, making sure that there were no air bubbles inside the U-tube. These air bubbles could affect the final results, since water will not be uptake by the plant shoot. Also, we should be careful while working with the baseline, since if some baseline will be on the stem of our plant shoot, the plant shoot will tot be able to take any water and our experiment could end before it started. Another error might occur while reading the value from the graduate pipette. And also, the rubber connection between two parts of U-tube was the most uncomfortable part in terms of water filling. While adding water to the U-tube in middle of that rubber connection there always was some air bubbles. But, we were lucky and we have overcome this problem by using several attempts to get rid of air bubbles. Finally, we got U-tube without any bubbles. However, the rubber connection could greatly influence the final results, since this rubber injection between two parts of Tube was highly sensitive, which caused some problems with reading the scale on the graduated pipette. In addition, there is another factor that affects the rate of transpiration which is surface area. As the surface area increases, the rate of transpiration goes faster. Furthermore, there is a suggestion that can improve this practical. I think that we should set up a chamber with consistent and controllable air current with the temperature that can vary. It is important to find an appropriate apparatus in order to make our results more valid and accurate. With this particular apparatus that we used in our practical we will never get valid results. Conclusion To sum up, three experiments were done under different conditions, namely under normal, windy and light conditions. In all three conditions the rate of transpiration increases as the time went by. However, the results under windy and light conditions were unexpected, since according to some books I thought that under windy and light conditions there will be more water uptake, but the results partially contradict my hypothesis. In addition, we did this practical only once so that our results are unreliable.